Hebrew Alphabet

(Difference between revisions)

Current revision

The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It is has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic.

The Hebrew Alphabet
Letter	Name	Translation	English	Value
א	Aleph	Ox	A or E	1
ב	Beth	House	B	2
ג	Gimel	Camel	G	3
ד	Daleth	Door	D	4
ה	Hé	Window	H	5
ו	Vau	Nail	U, V, W or O	6
ז	Zain	Sword	Z	7
ח	Cheth	Fence	Ch (hard)	8
ט	Teth	Serpent	T	9
י	Yod	Hand	I, E or Y	10
כ	Kaph	Palm	K	20
ך	Kaph-final			500
ל	Lamed	Ox-Goad	L	30
מ	Mem	Water	M	40
ם	Mem-final			600
נ	Nun	Fish	N	50
ן	Nun-final			700
ס	Samekh	Prop	S	60
ע	Ayin	Eye	O	70
פ	Pé	Mouth	P	80
ף	Pé-final			800
צ	Tzaddi	Fish-hook	Tz	90
ץ	Tzaddi-final			900
ק	Qoph	Back of Head	Q (soft)	100
ר	Resh	Head	R	200
ש	Shin	Tooth	Sh	300
ת	Tau	Cross	TH (soft)	400

Hebrew speakers call their alphabet the aleph-beth (the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet). The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script.

Table of contents

[edit]

Description

Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, and some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א aleph̄, ה he, ו vau, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols (points or נקדות nikkud). These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers. This use of letters as numbers is used in Qabalah) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]

Individual letters

The following list shows the name of the hebrew letter along with its key scale on the Tree of Life as recorded in Liber 777 by Aleister Crowley. The descriptions of the letters are also based on the teachings of Crowley.

11 Aleph— letter: א = A or E | name: אלף "Ox" | value: 1

Aleph in shape is similar to the Swastika, a glyph of primeval motion, the whirling Chaos coming into being. It is also in the shape of a plough-share, taking on the dual meaning of Phallic "plowing" and sexual innocence.

12 Beth— letter: ב = B | name: בית "House" | value: 2

Beth is the House or dwelling place of Man in the world of duality and illusion.

13 Gimel— letter: ג‎ = G | name: גמל‎ "Camel" | value: 3

The camel as "The Ship of the Desert" is appropriate on this path, since it connects Kether and Tiphareth, travelling through the wilderness of the Abyss to do so.

14 Daleth— letter: ד‎ = D | name: דלת‎ "Door" | value: 4

The shape of Daleth suggests the porch of a doorway or tent-flap, inviting the traveller to cross into the Supernals (Kether, Chokmah, & Binah). Daleth is the path leading from Chokmah to Binah, uniting the Father with the Mother.

15 Hé— letter: ה‎ = H | name: הה "Window" | value: 5

Hé is the window that allows the Light to reach us.

16 Vau— letter: ו‎ = U, V, W or O | name: וו‎‎ "Nail" | value: 6

Vau is a phallic glyph, symbolizing creative reality and the magical will. Vau is also "The Son" of the Tetragrammaton, represented by Bacchus, Jesus, or Parsival the King-Priest.

17 Zain— letter: ז = Z | name: זין "Sword" | value: 7

Zain is ...

18 Cheth— letter: ח = Ch (hard) | name: חית "Fence" | value: 8

Cheth is ...

19 Teth— letter: ט = T | name: טית "Serpent" | value: 9

Teth is ...

20 Yod— letter: י = I, E or Y | name: יוד‎‎‎ "Hand" | value: 10

Yod is ...

21 Kaph— letter: ך כ = K | name: כף "Palm" | value: 20, 500-final

Kaph is ...

22 Lamed— letter: ל = L | name: למד‎ "Ox Goad" | value: 30

Lamed is ...

23 Mem— letter: ם מ = M | name: מים "Water" | value: 40, 600-final

Mem is ...

24 Nun— letter: ן נ = N | name: נון "Fish" | value: 50, 700-final

Nun is ...

25 Samekh— letter: ס = S | name: סמך "Prop" | value: 60

Samekh is ...

26 Ayin— letter: ע = O | name: עין "Eye" | value: 70

Ayin is ...

27 Pé— letter: ף פ = P | name: פה "Mouth" | value: 80, 800-final

Pé is ...

28 Tzaddi— letter: ץ‎ צ = Ts or Tz | name: צדי "Fish-hook" | value: 90, 900-final

Tzaddi is ...

29 Qoph— letter: ק = Q (soft) | name: קיף "Back of Head" | value: 100

Qoph is ...

30 Resh— letter: ר‎ = R | name: ריש‎ "Head" | value: 200

Resh is ...

31 Shin— letter: ש = Sh | name: שין "Tooth" | value: 300

Shin is ...

32 Tau— letter: ת = Th (soft) | name: תו "Cross" | value: 400

Tau is ...

[edit]

References

Crowley, Aleister. (1981). The Book of Thoth. New York, S. Weiser.
____. (1982). 777 and Other Qabalistic Writings. York Beach, Me. : S. Weiser.
Wikipedia. (2005). Hebrew Alphabet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet). Retrieved 04/12/2005.

Retrieved from "http://thelemapedia.org/index.php/Hebrew_Alphabet"

-Introduction to the Hebrew alphabet...
+The '''Hebrew alphabet''' is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It is has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic.
-א‎ ALEPH  ב‎  BET  ג‎ GIMEL  ד‎ DALET  ה‎ HE  ו‎ VAV  ז‎ ZAYIN  ח‎ Cheth  ט‎ TET  י‎ YOD  ך‎ FINAL KAF  כ KAF  ל‎ LAMED  ם FINAL MEM  מ‎ MEM  ן FINAL NUN
+{{hebrew}}
-  נ‎ NUN  ס‎ SAMEKH  ע‎ AYIN  ף FINAL PE   פ PE   ץ‎ FINAL TSADI   צ‎ TSADI   ק‎ QOF   ר‎ RESH   ש‎ SHIN   ת TAV
-----
+Hebrew speakers call their alphabet the aleph-beth (the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet). The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|11 '''Aleph''']]— letter: א "A" | name: אלף "Ox" | value: 1
+The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script.
-**Here are a couple of sentences describing this letter and what it means on the Tree of Life. Here are a couple of sentences describing this letter and what it means on the Tree of Life.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+==Description==
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|13 Gimel]]— letter: ג‎ "G" | name: גמל‎ "Camel" | value: 3
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|14 Daleth]]— letter: ד‎ "D" | name: דלת‎ "Door" | value: 4
+Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, and some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. The Hebrew alphabet is an ''abjad:'' vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א aleph̄, ה he, ו vau, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|15 Hé]]— letter: ה‎ "H" | name: הה "Window" | value: 5
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols (points or נקדות nikkud). These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers. This use of letters as numbers is used in [[Qabalah]]) in a practice known as [[gematria]].
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+==Individual letters==
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+The following list shows the name of the hebrew letter along with its key scale on the Tree of Life as recorded in ''Liber 777'' by [[Aleister Crowley]]. The descriptions of the letters are also based on the teachings of Crowley.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+[[Path of Aleph|11 '''Aleph''']]— '''letter: א = A or E | name: אלף "Ox" | value: 1'''
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+*Aleph in shape is similar to the Swastika, a glyph of primeval motion, the whirling Chaos coming into being. It is also in the shape of a plough-share, taking on the dual meaning of Phallic "plowing" and sexual innocence.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+----
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+[[Path of Beth|12 '''Beth''']]— '''letter: ב = B | name: בית "House" | value: 2'''
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+*Beth is the House or dwelling place of Man in the world of duality and illusion.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+----
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+[[Path of Gimel|13 '''Gimel''']]— '''letter: ג‎ = G | name: גמל‎ "Camel" | value: 3'''
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+*The camel as "The Ship of the Desert" is appropriate on this path, since it connects Kether and Tiphareth, travelling through the wilderness of the Abyss to do so.
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+----
-*[[Tree of Life:Path of Aleph|12 Beth]]— letter: ב "B" | name: בית "House" | value: 2
+[[Path of Daleth|14 '''Daleth''']]— '''letter: ד‎ = D | name: דלת‎ "Door" | value: 4'''
+*The shape of Daleth suggests the porch of a doorway or tent-flap, inviting the traveller to cross into the Supernals ([[Kether]], [[Chokmah]], & [[Binah]]). Daleth is the path leading from Chokmah to Binah, uniting the Father with the Mother.
+----
+[[Path of Hé|15 '''Hé''']]— '''letter: ה‎ = H | name: הה "Window" | value: 5'''
+*Hé is the window that allows the Light to reach us.
+----
+[[Path of Vau |16 '''Vau''']]— '''letter: ו‎ = U, V, W or O | name: וו‎‎ "Nail" | value: 6'''
+*Vau is a phallic glyph, symbolizing creative reality and the magical will. Vau is also "The Son" of the [[Tetragrammaton]], represented by Bacchus, Jesus, or Parsival the King-Priest.
+----
+[[Path of Zain |17 '''Zain''']]— '''letter: ז = Z | name: זין "Sword" | value: 7'''
+*Zain is ...
+----
+[[Path of Cheth |18 '''Cheth''']]— '''letter: ח = Ch (hard) | name: חית "Fence" | value: 8'''
+*Cheth is ...
+----
+[[Path of Teth|19 '''Teth''']]— '''letter: ט = T | name: טית "Serpent" | value: 9'''
+*Teth is ...
+----
+[[Path of Yod|20 '''Yod''']]— '''letter: י = I, E or Y | name: יוד‎‎‎ "Hand" | value: 10'''
+*Yod is ...
+----
+[[Path of Kaph|21 '''Kaph''']]— '''letter: ך כ = K | name: כף "Palm" | value: 20, 500-final'''
+*Kaph is ...
+----
+[[Path of Lamed|22 '''Lamed''']]— '''letter: ל = L | name: למד‎ "Ox Goad" | value: 30'''
+*Lamed is ...
+----
+[[Path of Mem|23 '''Mem''']]— '''letter: ם מ = M | name: מים "Water" | value: 40, 600-final'''
+*Mem is ...
+----
+[[Path of Nun|24 '''Nun''']]— '''letter: ן נ = N | name: נון "Fish" | value: 50, 700-final'''
+*Nun is ...
+----
+[[Path of Samekh|25 '''Samekh''']]— '''letter: ס = S | name: סמך "Prop" | value: 60'''
+*Samekh is ...
+----
+[[Path of Ayin|26 '''Ayin''']]— '''letter: ע = O | name: עין "Eye" | value: 70'''
+*Ayin is ...
+----
+[[Path of Pé|27 '''Pé''']]— '''letter: ף פ  = P | name: פה "Mouth" | value: 80, 800-final'''
+*Pé is ...
+----
+[[Path of Tzaddi|28 '''Tzaddi''']]— '''letter: ץ‎ צ  = Ts or Tz | name: צדי "Fish-hook" | value: 90, 900-final'''
+*Tzaddi is ...
+----
+[[Path of Qoph|29 '''Qoph''']]— '''letter: ק  = Q (soft) | name: קיף "Back of Head" | value: 100'''
+*Qoph is ...
+----
+[[Path of Resh|30 '''Resh''']]— '''letter: ר‎ = R | name: ריש‎ "Head" | value: 200'''
+*Resh is ...
+----
+[[Path of Shin|31 '''Shin''']]— '''letter: ש  = Sh | name: שין "Tooth" | value: 300'''
+*Shin is ...
+----
+[[Path of Tau|32 '''Tau''']]— '''letter: ת  = Th (soft) | name: תו "Cross" | value: 400'''
+*Tau is ...
-*12 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Beth|Beth]], "House") ב
+==See also==
+*[[Hebrew]]
+*[[Tree of Life]]
+*[[Qabalah]]
-*13 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Gimel|Gimel]], "Camel")
+==References==
-*14 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Daleth|Daleth]], "Door")
+*Crowley, Aleister. (1981). ''The Book of Thoth.'' New York, S. Weiser.
-*15 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Hé|Hé]], "Window")
+*____. (1982). ''777 and Other Qabalistic Writings.'' York Beach, Me. : S. Weiser.
-*16 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Vau|Vau]], "Nail")
+*Wikipedia. (2005). ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet Hebrew Alphabet].'' Retrieved 04/12/2005.
-*17 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Zain|Zain]], "Sword")
+[[Category:Qabalah]]
-*18 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Cheth|Cheth]], "Fence")
+[[Category:Tree of Life]]
-*19 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Teth|Teth]], "Serpent")
-*20 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Yod|Yod]], "Hand")
-*21 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Kaph|Kaph]], "Palm")
-*22 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Lamed|Lamed]], "Ox Goad")
-*23 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Mem|Mem]], "Water")
-*24 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Nun|Nun]], "Fish")
-*25 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Samekh|Samekh]], "Prop")
-*26 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Ayin|Ayin]], "Eye")
-*27 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Pé|Pé]], "Mouth")
-*28 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Tzaddi|Tzaddi]], "Fish-Hook")
-*29 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Qoph|Qoph]], "Back of Head")
-*30 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Resh|Resh]], "Head")
-*31 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Shin|Shin]], "Tooth")
-*32 ([[Tree of Life:Path of Tau|Tau]], "Tau")