View source for Julius Evola

'''Julius Evola''', born '''Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola''', aka '''Baron Giulio''' (May 19, 1898-June 11, [974), was a controversial Italian [[esotericism|esotericist]], who wrote prolifically on matters political, [[philosophical]], historical, and religious from a Traditionalist point of view. 

==Early years==

Born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola in Rome to a noble Sicilian family. He fought in World War I as an artillery officer on the Asiago plateau. Attracted to the avant-garde, Evola became a Dadaist painter and poet & was briefly a member of Filippo Marinetti's Futurist movement. Around 1920, his interests led him away from the production of art. He had began reading various esoteric texts and gradually  delved deeper into [[occult]] and [[Oriental]] studies. He also became acquainted with Mussolini's Fascist program at this time. In 1927, along with other Italian intellectuals, he founded the [[Gruppo di Ur]] (the [[UR Group]]) for the study of [[esotericism]], specifically of a [[René Guénon|Guénonian]] stripe.

==Politics==

Evola's politics remain ambiguous. He was influenced by [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], Herman Wirth, Otto Weininger, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Ernst Jünger, Gottfried Benn, [[René Guénon]], Oswald Spengler, and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. Some claim that his exaltation of a warrior caste may have influenced Fascism and/or Nazism in a roundabout way (and later on [[Neo-Fascism]]). Others point out that he rejected nationalism philosophically and in general terms. It has also been suggested that Evola took a position that was "against all politics"[http://www.centrostudilaruna.it/jenseitseng.html].  He never participated in the voting process and did not join any political party in his lifetime.  Evola sought to ''influence'' Fascism in the direction of archaic ethnic Traditionalism; away from the Christian Church, the bourgeoisi, and the masses.  From 1934 to 1943, he edited the cultural page of Roberto Farinacci's journal ''Regime Fascista''.  After the Italian surrender of September 8, 1943, Evola moved to Rastenburg, Germany.  He was one of the first people to greet Mussolini after his rescue from prison.

Evola believed in a race of [[Hyperborea|Hyperborean]] "nordic" people from the North Pole who had a crucial hand in the founding of [[Atlantis]]. 

He published an Italian language version of ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' in 1937, and wrote the introduction.

==Paralysis==

Toward the end of World War II|the war, Evola was working for the SS researching the [[Freemasonry|Freemason's]] archive in Vienna.  He became [[paralysis|paralyzed]] from the waist down (and remained so throughout his life) after trying to defend Vienna at the barricades from the encroaching Soviet Army in 1945 (March/April). According to Mircea Eliade he was shot in the "third [[Chakra]]".

In 1951 Evola was arrested briefly, but acquitted, on charges of attempting to resurrect fascism.  His political views after the war took on a Sorelian flavor. Evola died on June 11, 1974 in Rome; his ashes were deposited in a hole cut in a glacier on Mt. Rosa.

==Influence==

Evola has come to have a growing influence in both the occult and political realms.  In the later, he has specifically influenced GRECE, ''The Scorpion'', the Movimento sociale italiano (MSI), Gaston Armand Amaudruz's [Nouvel Ordre Européen, Pino Rauti's Ordine Nuovo, Alain de Benoist, Michael Moynihan, Giorgio Freda, and the ARN.  Giorgio Almirante referred to him as "our Marcuse - only better".  In 1998, a Goth/Darkwave compilation CD entitled ''Cavalcare la Tigre'' was released to commemorate the 100th anniverary of Evola's birth.

== References ==
* "Julius Evola and the Ideological Origins of the Radical Right in Contemporary Italy" by [[Richard H. Drake]], chapter 2 of ''Political Violence and Terror: Motifs and Motivations'' edited by Peter H. Merkl (University of California Press, 1986, ISBN 0520056051)
* "Julius Evola, Radical Fascism and the Lateran Accords" by Richard H. Drake in ''The Catholic Historical Review'' 74 (1988): 403-19
* "Myth and Violence: The Fascism of Julius Evola and Alain de Benoist" by Thomas Sheehan in ''Social Research'', 48, Spring 1981: 45-83
* ''Black Sun (book by Goodrick-Clarke)|Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity'' by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (Chapter 3), 2001, ISBN 0814731554
* ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'' edited by Philip Rees, 1991, ISBN 0130893013
* ''Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism, and Nazi Survival'' by Joscelyn Godwin, 1996, ISBN 0932813356
* ''[[Dreamer of the Day]]: Francis Parker Yockey and the postwar fascist international'' by [[Kevin Coogan]],  Autonomedia, Brooklyn, NY 1998 ISBN 1570270392
* "Julius Evola--Above the Ruins" in ''The Nexus'',issue 10
* Wikipedia. (2005). ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Evola Julius Evola]''. Retrieved on July 9. 2005.



==External links==
* [http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/1404/archive.html Julius Evola text archive: English, French, Italian, Spanish]
*[http://thompkins_cariou.tripod.com/ Evola As He Is], many previously unpublished texts in English.
* [http://www.juliusevola.it Julius Evola Unofficial WebSite], text in many languages
* [http://www.futurism2.fsnet.co.uk/evola/evola_frames.htm  Selection of Evola's Futurist and Dada works, 1917-20]
* [http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6824/evola.htm Evola on American "Civilisation"]
*[http://www.juliusevola.net/pages/1/index.htm JuliusEvola.NET]
* [http://www.fondazione-evola.it/ The Website of the Julius Evola Foundation]
* [http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id736/pg1/ Julius Evola: Tradition's Triumphant Caesar] by [[Matthew Mitchem]] on the [[Disinformation]] website (with links and forum).
* [http://www.arrakis.es/~fsln/evolabib.htm Evola bibliography (in Italian)]
* [http://www.trimondi.de/SDLE/Part-2-12.htm Fascist Occultism and its Close Relationship to Buddhist Tantrism], chapter 12 of [http://www.trimondi.de/SDLE/Contents.htm ''The Shadow of the Dalai Lama'']
* [http://www.oswaldmosley.com/people/evola.html "Europe's Revolt against the Modern World-- United Europe: The Spiritual Prerequisite"]
* [http://www.centrostudilaruna.it/jenseitseng.html Julius Evola, A Philosopher in the Age of the Wolf An Appreciation for his 100th Anniversary]