Fr. Zabed at 21:48, 9 July 2005

2005-07-09T21:48:37Z

Fr. Zabed at 21:44, 9 July 2005

2005-07-09T21:44:37Z

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'''Julius Evola''', born '''Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola''', aka '''Baron Giulio''' (May 19, 1898-June 11, [974), was a controversial Italian [[esotericism|esotericist]], who wrote prolifically on matters political, [[philosophical]], historical, and religious from a Traditionalist point of view.

==Early years==

Born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola in Rome to a noble Sicilian family. He fought in World War I as an artillery officer on the Asiago plateau. Attracted to the avant-garde, Evola became a Dadaist painter and poet & was briefly a member of Filippo Marinetti's Futurist movement. Around 1920, his interests led him away from the production of art. He had began reading various esoteric texts and gradually delved deeper into [[occult]] and [[Oriental]] studies. He also became acquainted with Mussolini's Fascist program at this time. In 1927, along with other Italian intellectuals, he founded the [[Gruppo di Ur]] (the [[UR Group]]) for the study of [[esotericism]], specifically of a [[René Guénon|Guénonian]] stripe.

==Politics==

Evola's politics remain ambiguous. He was influenced by [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], Herman Wirth, Otto Weininger, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Ernst Jünger, Gottfried Benn, [[René Guénon]], Oswald Spengler, and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. Some claim that his exaltation of a warrior caste may have influenced Fascism and/or Nazism in a roundabout way (and later on [[Neo-Fascism]]). Others point out that he rejected nationalism philosophically and in general terms. It has also been suggested that Evola took a position that was "against all politics"[http://www.centrostudilaruna.it/jenseitseng.html]. He never participated in the voting process and did not join any political party in his lifetime. Evola sought to ''influence'' Fascism in the direction of archaic ethnic Traditionalism; away from the Christian Church, the bourgeoisi, and the masses. From 1934 to 1943, he edited the cultural page of Roberto Farinacci's journal ''Regime Fascista''. After the Italian surrender of September 8, 1943, Evola moved to Rastenburg, Germany. He was one of the first people to greet Mussolini after his rescue from prison.

Evola believed in a race of [[Hyperborea|Hyperborean]] "nordic" people from the North Pole who had a crucial hand in the founding of [[Atlantis]].

He published an Italian language version of ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' in 1937, and wrote the introduction.

==Paralysis==

Toward the end of World War II|the war, Evola was working for the SS researching the [[Freemasonry|Freemason's]] archive in Vienna. He became [[paralysis|paralyzed]] from the waist down (and remained so throughout his life) after trying to defend Vienna at the barricades from the encroaching Soviet Army in 1945 (March/April). According to Mircea Eliade he was shot in the "third [[Chakra]]".

In 1951 Evola was arrested briefly, but acquitted, on charges of attempting to resurrect fascism. His political views after the war took on a Sorelian flavor. Evola died on June 11, 1974 in Rome; his ashes were deposited in a hole cut in a glacier on Mt. Rosa.

==Influence==

Evola has come to have a growing influence in both the occult and political realms. In the later, he has specifically influenced GRECE, ''The Scorpion'', the Movimento sociale italiano (MSI), Gaston Armand Amaudruz's [Nouvel Ordre Européen, Pino Rauti's Ordine Nuovo, Alain de Benoist, Michael Moynihan, Giorgio Freda, and the ARN. Giorgio Almirante referred to him as "our Marcuse - only better". In 1998, a Goth/Darkwave compilation CD entitled ''Cavalcare la Tigre'' was released to commemorate the 100th anniverary of Evola's birth.

==Books==
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|- style="background: #dcdcdc;"
!Year
!Book
!Publisher, ISBN
!Notes
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[1920]]
| ''Arte Astratta, Posizione Teoretica''
|
|A work on [[abstract art]].
|-
|| ''Le Parole Oscure du Paysage Interieur''
|
|Poems, in French
|-
| [[1925]]
|''Saggi sull'idealismo magico'' [Essays on Magic Idealism]
|[[Atanor]]
|
|-
| [[1927]]
|''Teoria dell'Individuo Assoluto'' [Theory of the Absolute Individual]
| [[Bocca]]
| A [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzschean]] work borne out of a mental and spiritual breakdown.
|-
| [[1928]]
|''Imperialismo Pagano: Il Fascismo Dinanzi al Pericolo Euro-Cristiano, con una Appendice sulle Reazioni di parte Guelfa'' [Pagan Imperialism]
| Atanor
| A [[polemic]]al work urging the [[Fascism|Fascist]] regime to conduct an [[anti-Christian]], [[Paganism|pagan]] revolution.
|-
| [[1929]]
|''Introduzione alla Magia quale scienza dell'Io'' [Introduction to Magic as a Science of the I]; translated as ''[[Introduction to Magic]]: Rituals and Practical Techniques for the Magus''
| [[Gruppo di Ur]]; [[Edizioni Mediterranee]], 1971; English translation by [[Inner Traditions International]], 2001, ISBN 0892816244
|Collection of articles by Evola and the [[UR Group]] appearing in the journals ''[[Ur journal|Ur]]'' and ''[[Krur journal|Krur]]'', from 1927-29.
|-
| [[1930]]
|''Fenomenologia dell'Individuo Assoluto'' [Phenomenology of the Absolute Individual]
|Bocca
|
|-
| [[1931]]
|''La Tradizione Ermetica nei suoi Simboli, Nella sua Dottrina e nella sua "Ars Regia"''; translated as ''[[The Hermetic Tradition]]: Symbols and Teachings of the Royal Art''
|Laterza; English translation by Inner Traditions International, 1994, ISBN 0892814519
|
|-
|[[1932]]
|''Maschera e volto dello Spiritualismo Contemporaneo: Analisi critica delle principali correnti moderne verso il sovrasensibile'' [Mask and Face of Contemporary Spiritualism]
|Bocca
|
|-
| [[1934]]
|''La Rivolta contro il Mondo Moderno''; translated as ''[[Revolt Against the Modern World]]: Politics, Religion, and Social Order in the Kali Yuga''
|[[Milan]]: [[Hoepli]]; English translation by Inner Traditions International, 1995, ISBN 089281506X.
|
|-
|[[1936]]
|''Tre aspetti del problema ebraico'' [Three Aspects of the Jewish Question]
|Mediterranee
|
|-
| rowspan=2 |[[1937]]
|''Il Mistero del Graal e la Tradizione Ghibellina dell'Impero'' [The Mystery of the Grail and the Gibelin Imperial Concept]; translated as ''[[The Mystery of the Grail]]: Initiation and Magic in the Quest for the Spirit''
|Laterza; English translation by Inner Traditions International, 1997, ISBN 0892815736
|
|-
||''Il Mito del Sangue. Genesi del Razzismo'' [The Myth of the Blood: The Genesis of Racism]
|Hoepli
|
|-
| rowspan=3 |[[1941]]
|''Sintesi di Dottrina della Raza'' [Synthesis of the Doctrine of Race]
|Hoepli
|
|-
||''Indirizzi per una Educazione Razziale''
|Napels: [[Conte]]
|
|-
||''Die Arische Lehre von Kampf und Sieg'' [The Aryan Doctrine of Battle and Victory]
|[[Vienna]]: [[Anton Schroll Verlag]]
|Originally a lecture presented in [[German language|German]] on 7 December 1940 at the [[Palazzo Zuccari]] in Rome.
|-
|[[1942]]
|''Gli Ebrei hanno volute questa Guerra''
|Rome: [[La Vita Italiana]]
|In collaboration with [[A. Luchini]], [[P. Pellicano]] and [[G. Preziosi]].
|-
|[[1943]]
|''La Dottrina del Risveglio: Saggio sull'Ascesi Buddhista''; translated as ''[[The Doctrine of Awakening]]: The Attainment of Self-Mastery According to the Earliest Buddhist Texts''
|[[Bari]]: [[Laterza]]; English translation by [[Luzac]] ([[London]]), 1951; Inner Traditions, 1996, ISBN 0892815531
|
|-
|[[1949]]
|''Lo Yoga della Potenza. Saggio sui Tantra: Lo Yoga del Sesso''; translated as ''[[The Yoga of Power]]: Tantra, Shakti, and the Secret Way''
|[[Milan]]: Bocca; English translation by Inner Traditions, 1993, ISBN 0892813687
|
|-
|[[1950]]
|''Orientamenti''
|Rome: [[Imperium]]
|
|-
|[[1953]]
|''Gli Uomini e le Rovine''; translated as ''[[Men Among the Ruins]]: Post-War Reflections of a Radical Traditionalist''
|Rome: [[Ed. dell'Ascia]]; English translation by Inner Traditions, [[2002]], ISBN 0892819057
|
|-
|[[1958]]
|''Metafisica del Sesso''; translated as ''[[The Metaphysics of Sex]]''; and later as ''[[Eros and the Mysteries of Love]]: The Metaphysics of Sex''
|Rome: [[Atanrr]]; English translation by Inner Traditions International, 1983, ISBN 0892810254; 1991, ISBN 0892813156
|
|-
|[[1961]]
|''Cavalcare la Tigre''; translated as ''[[Ride the Tiger]]: A Survival Manual for the Aristocrats of the Soul''
|Milan: [[Vanni Scheiwiller]]; Inner Traditions, 2003, ISBN 0892811250
|
|-
|[[1963]]
|''Il Cammino del Cinabro''
|Milan: [[Vanni Scheiwiller]]
|Autobiography
|-
|[[1964]]
|''Il Fascismo. Saggio di una Analisi Critica dal Punto di Vista della Destra'' [Fascism: Essay of a Critical Analysis from the Point of view of the Right]
|Rome: [[Volpe]]
|
|-
|[[1968]]
|''L'Arco e la Clava''
|Milan: Vanni Scheiwiller
|
|-
|[[1972]]
|''Il Taoismo'' [Taoism]
|Rome: Mediterranee
|
|-
|[[1974]]
|''Meditazioni delle Vette''; translated as ''[[Meditations on the Peaks]]: Mountain Climbing as Metaphor for the Spiritual Quest''
|[[La Spezia]]: [[Ed. del Tridente]]; English translation by Inner Traditions, 1998, ISBN 0892816570
|Collection of articles from between 1930 and 1955.
|-
| rowspan=2 |[[1977]]
|''Ultimi Scritti'' [Last Writings]
|[[Napels]]: [[Controcorrente]]
|
|-
||''La Via della Realizzazione di si secondo i Misteri di Mithra''; translated as ''[[The Path of Enlightenment According to the Mithraic Mysteries]]''
|Rome: Fondazione Julius Evola; English translation by Holmes Publishing Group, 1993, ISBN 1558182284
|
|-
|[[1981]]
|''Lo Zen''; translated as ''[[Zen: The Religion of the Samurai]]''
|Rome: Fondazione Julius Evola; English translation by [[Holmes Publishing Group]], 1993, ISBN 1558183299
|
|-
|[[1984]]
|''Un Maestro dei Tempi Moderni: Reni Guinon''; translated as ''[[Rene Guenon: A Teacher for Modern Times]]''
|Rome: [[Fondazione Julius Evola]]; English translation by Holmes Publishing Group, 1993, ISBN 1558182292.
|
|-
|[[1993]]
|''[[Taoism: The Magic, the Mysticism]]''
|English translation by Holmes Publishing Group, 1993, ISBN 1558182276.
|Introduction to a [[1959]] [[Italian language|Italian]] translation of the ''[[Tao-Te-Ching]]''.
|-
|}

== References ==
* "Julius Evola and the Ideological Origins of the Radical Right in Contemporary Italy" by [[Richard H. Drake]], chapter 2 of ''[[Political Violence and Terror]]: Motifs and Motivations'' edited by [[Peter H. Merkl]] ([[University of California]] Press, 1986, ISBN 0520056051)
* "Julius Evola, Radical Fascism and the Lateran Accords" by Richard H. Drake in ''The Catholic Historical Review'' 74 (1988): 403-19
* "Myth and Violence: The Fascism of Julius Evola and [[Alain de Benoist]]" by [[Thomas Sheehan]] in ''Social Research'', 48, Spring 1981: 45-83
* ''[[Black Sun (book by Goodrick-Clarke)|Black Sun]]: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity'' by [[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] (Chapter 3), [[2001]], ISBN 0814731554
* ''[[Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890]]'' edited by [[Philip Rees]], 1991, ISBN 0130893013
* ''[[Arktos]]: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism, and Nazi Survival'' by [[Joscelyn Godwin]], 1996, ISBN 0932813356
* ''[[Dreamer of the Day]]: [[Francis Parker Yockey]] and the postwar fascist international'' by [[Kevin Coogan]], Autonomedia, Brooklyn, NY 1998 ISBN 1570270392
* "Julius Evola--Above the Ruins" in ''[[The Nexus (journal)|The Nexus]]'', [[The_Nexus_%28journal%29#Issue_10|issue 10]]

==External links==
* [http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/1404/archive.html Julius Evola text archive: English, French, Italian, Spanish]
*[http://thompkins_cariou.tripod.com/ Evola As He Is], many previously unpublished texts in English.
* [http://www.juliusevola.it Julius Evola Unofficial WebSite], text in many languages
* [http://www.futurism2.fsnet.co.uk/evola/evola_frames.htm Selection of Evola's Futurist and Dada works, 1917-20]
* [http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6824/evola.htm Evola on American "Civilisation"]
*[http://www.juliusevola.net/pages/1/index.htm JuliusEvola.NET]
* [http://www.fondazione-evola.it/ The Website of the Julius Evola Foundation]
* [http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id736/pg1/ Julius Evola: Tradition's Triumphant Caesar] by [[Matthew Mitchem]] on the [[Disinformation]] website (with links and forum).
* [http://www.arrakis.es/~fsln/evolabib.htm Evola bibliography (in Italian)]
* [http://www.trimondi.de/SDLE/Part-2-12.htm Fascist Occultism and its Close Relationship to Buddhist Tantrism], chapter 12 of [http://www.trimondi.de/SDLE/Contents.htm ''The Shadow of the Dalai Lama'']
* [http://www.oswaldmosley.com/people/evola.html "Europe's Revolt against the Modern World-- United Europe: The Spiritual Prerequisite"]
* [http://www.centrostudilaruna.it/jenseitseng.html Julius Evola, A Philosopher in the Age of the Wolf An Appreciation for his 100th Anniversary]

==References==
*Wikipedia. (2005). ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Evola Julius Evola]''. Retrieved on July 9. 2005.

Julius Evola - Revision history

Fr. Zabed at 21:48, 9 July 2005

Fr. Zabed at 21:44, 9 July 2005